Differences in the Behavioral Parameters of Young Zebu and Composite Bulls Kept on Non-Forested or in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry Systems.

The behavior of ruminants can influence their productive efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of young zebu and composite bulls kept in pasture production systems, either in a crop-livestock-forest integration or without afforestation. The work was carried out in São Carlos, Brazil (21°57'42″ S, 47°50'28″ W), in a high-altitude tropical climate, from March to July, 2022. Forty young bulls were evaluated, being 20 Nelore (Bos indicus) (342.5 ± 36.6 kg BW; 16.9 ± 1.8 months) and 20 Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus × 3/8 Bos indicus) (338.4 ± 39.8 kg BW; 19.1 ± 1.9 months), equally distributed in full-sun (FS) and integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) production systems. Behavior was monitored uninterruptedly by an acoustic sensor and accelerometer attached to a collar, and complemented by direct visual assessment, in two one-day campaigns per month. Serum cortisol concentration was assessed monthly. Statistical analyses were conducted using a general linear model at a 5% significance level (SAS, version 9.4). The ICLF system had a milder microclimate and favored thermal comfort. Natural shading influenced grazing, resting, and rumination time. The Canchim bulls were more active when moving and grazing (p < 0.05), even at the hottest times of the day. In turn, the Nelore bulls spent more time resting at all times (p < 0.001), which was shown to be an adaptive strategy in response to environmental stimuli. The Canchim bulls had a longer rumination time than the Nelore bulls (p < 0.001), due to their longer grazing time. The frequency of water and mineral mixture intake did not differ between genotypes, regardless of the production system (p > 0.05). There was no difference in the serum cortisol concentrations of the Nelore and Canchim bulls kept in FS or ICLF (p = 0.082). Thus, young bulls of the different genotypes showed different behaviors, regardless of whether they were kept on pasture without afforestation or in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system.

A non-intrusive and reactive architecture to support real-time ETL processes in data warehousing environments.

Nowadays, organizations are very interested to gather data for strategic decision-making. Data are disposable in operational sources, which are distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous. These data are gathered through ETL processes, which occur traditionally in a pre-defined time, that is, once a day, once a week, once a month or in a specific period of time. On the other hand, there are special applications for which data needs to be obtained in a faster way and sometimes even immediately after the data are generated in the operation data sources, such as health systems and digital agriculture. Thus, the conventional ETL process and the disposable techniques are incapable of making the operational data delivered in real-time, providing low latency, high availability, and scalability. As our proposal, we present an innovative architecture, named Data Magnet, to cope with real-time ETL processes. The experimental tests performed in the digital agriculture domain using real and synthetic data showed that our proposal was able to deal in real-time with the ETL process. The Data Magnet provided great performance, showing an almost constant elapsed time for growing data volumes. Besides, Data Magnet provided significant performance gains over the traditional trigger technique.

Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP, Brazil.

Integrated agricultural systems have been greatly expanding in Brazil and currently cover over 30 million hectares. Although these land use systems help soil and environmental quality, little is known of their impacts on earthworm communities. In the present study we evaluated earthworm abundance, biomass and species richness in various integrated and conventional agricultural production systems (pasture, crops), as well as native forest and Eucalyptus plantations. The research was carried out at Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Livestock Southeast) and at the neighboring campus of the University de São Carlos (UFSCar), in São Carlos municipality in São Paulo state, Brazil. Two earthworm sampling methods, i.e., quantitative (25 x 25 x 20 cm deep monoliths) and qualitative (holes of similar size and niche sampling), were used in three integrated production systems, three conventional systems and two forest systems, totaling 232 quantitative samples and over 160 qualitative samples. Earthworms were counted and identified using available keys. Eight earthworm species of five families (Rhinodrilidae, Ocnerodrilidae, Megascolecidae, Benhamiidae and Glossoscolecidae) were found, with most of the 2,145 individuals being exotic or peregrine species, particularly Pontoscolex corethrurus (88% of total) and various Dichogaster spp. (8% of total). Two native species were encountered in low abundance (55 individuals), both of which are new to science (Fimoscolex n.sp.7 and Glossoscolex n.sp.9) and must still be formally described. The new species were found in the agricultural systems, but not in the native forest and the Eucalyptus plantation, where P. corethrurus and Megascolecids predominated. One unidentified Ocnerodrilid sp. was found only in the intensive pasture. Species richness was highest in the intensive pasture (7 spp.), followed by the agrosilvopastoral and agropastoral systems, highlighting the importance of integrated and pastoral systems in preserving earthworm richness and native species.

Endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with Paspalum atratum and its potential for plant growth promotion with different phosphate sources.

The genus Paspalum belongs to the family Poaceae and has several species that are native to Brazil. The Paspalum Germplasm Bank (GB) of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation comprises approximately 450 accessions from 50 species. Among these accessions, Paspalum atratum (BGP 308) has economic potential for forage purposes. However, the endophytic and rhizospheric microbial communities within this accession and their ability to promote plant growth remain unknown. The present study aimed to isolate the endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with P. atratum and to assess their potential for plant growth improvement, so-called plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). For the in vitro tests, the ability of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), phosphate solubilization (PS) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production were evaluated. A total of 116 endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria were obtained from the isolation. In the in vitro tests, 43 (37.00%) of these isolates showed positive NFB, PS, and IAA results. These isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The phosphate solubilization index (PSI) ranged from 2 to 3.61, all 43 strains performed biological nitrogen fixation and the IAA production ranged from 12.85 to 431.41 µg ml-1. Eight of these 43 isolates were evaluated in vivo in a greenhouse using P. atratum caryopsis. The pots were filled with soil prepared with three different phosphate sources and one control without phosphate. After growth, the plants were submitted to morphological, bromatological and chemical determination. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In the in vivo test, treatments 105 (Pseudomonas sp.) and 458 (Pseudomonas sp.) were the most significant for the crystalline phosphate source, 109 (Bacillus sp.) for the sedimentary phosphate source and, as for the soluble phosphate source most treatments that received bacterial isolates had higher phosphorus content in the dry matter than the uninoculated soluble phosphate control. The 105FCR (crystalline phosphate + Pseudomonas sp.), 109FSE (sedimentary phosphate + Bacillus sp.), and 110 FSE (sedimentary phosphate + Enterobacter sp.) treatments showed the best results for plant growth promotion. This work made it possible to determine the bacterial community associated with P. atratum (BGP308) and to obtain new potential plant growth-promoting strains.

Application of microchip and infrared thermography for monitoring body temperature of beef cattle kept on pasture.

The monitoring of body temperature is important for the diagnosis of the physiological state of the animal, being dependent on available methods and their applicability within production systems. This work evaluated techniques to monitor the body temperature of beef cattle kept on pasture and their ability to predict internal temperature. Twenty-three adult bovine females were monitored for six months, and collection data carried out in eleven campaigns (D0-D10) twelve days apart. During collections, the surface temperatures of ear base (ET, oC) and ocular globe (OGT, oC) were measured by infrared thermography, and the subcutaneous temperature (ST, oC) was measured with the use of transponder containing an implantable microchip. Rectal temperature (RT, oC) was considered as a reference for body temperature. Temperature and Humidity Index (THI), Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (BGHI) and Radiant Heat Load (RHL, W/m2) were calculated. ET (33.32 ±â€¯0.12 °C), ST (36.10 ±â€¯0.07 °C), OGT (37.40 ±â€¯0.06 °C) and RT (38.83 ±â€¯0.03 °C) differed significantly (P˂0.05). There was positive correlation of RT with OGT (r = 0.392), ET (r = 0.264) and ST (r = 0.236) (P˂0.05). Considering the bioclimatic indicators, the highest magnitude correlations were observed between ET and THI (r = 0.71), ET and BGHI (r = 0.65), and ET and RHL (r = 0.48). The use of microchip represented a practical method, but with limited predictability. On the other hand, infrared thermography proved to be safe and non-invasive, presenting greater precision for inference of internal body temperature. ET was more influenced by meteorological conditions.

Constituintes químicos de Cambessedesia espora DC - Melastomataceae / Chemical contituents from Cambessedesia espora DC - Melastomataceae

O fracionamento cromatográfico do extrato hexânico das partes aéreas de Cambessedesia espora DC - Melastomataceae levou ao isolamento dos ácidos palmítico, mirístico e esteárico, ß-Silosterol e do triterpeno fern-9(11)-en-3ß-ol. As substâncias foram identificadas por métodos espectroscópicos usuais (RMN, IV, CG/EM).

Controle de qualidade do Etanol por meio de espectrometria UV / Quality control of ethanol by spectrofotometry UV

Com o intuito de buscar e avaliar métodos e meios de controlar a qualidade de álcool etílico comercializado com fins diversos, inclusive homeopático, os autores submeteram trinta e tres diferentes amostras de etanol à análise espectrométrica ultravioleta. As análises foram feitas por leitura direta em espectrofotômetro Hewlett Packard 8452-A-Diode Array

Controle de qualidade de TM: pesquisa cromatográfica de cationtes / Wuality control of mother-tinctures: cromatographic research of cations

Através de cromatografia em camada delgada de celulose, procura-se demonstrar a validade da pesquisa de cationtes em tinturas-mãe como meio auxiliar no controle de qualidade de tais produtos homeopáticos

Investigaçäo química dos medicamentos homeopáticos pertencentes aos diferentes Grupos Boyd - Pesquisa de Cationtes no grupo XI / Chemical investigation of homeopathic medicines belonging to different Boyd groups - research of cations on group XI

Dando prosseguimento ao estudo dos Grupos Boyd, os autores analisaram cromatograficamente medicamentos pertencentes ao Grupo XI. Foi pesquisada a presença de íons (cationtes) com o emprego de diferentes misturas solventes e reveladores químicos. Através de tal metodologia foram detectados íons Na+ e K+ em cinco amostras, Fe+3 em nove, Ca+2 em treze e Mg+2 em catorze tinturas-mãe

Controle de qualidade de T. M. : pesquisa cromatografica de cationtes / Quality control of T. M. : chromatographyc research of cations

Por meio de cromatografia em camada delgada procura-se demonstrar a validade da pesquisa de cationtes em tinturas-mae como meio auxiliar no controle de qualidade. Foi empregada cromatografia ascendente em camada delgada de celulose microcristal de acordo com metodo anteriormente utilizado pelos autores (1). Foram analisadas, respectivamente, duas amostras de onze tinturas-mae provenientes de dois laboratorios diferentes. Como padroes foram empregadas solucoes de diferentes sais organicos soluveis em agua (concentracao de 0,1 porcento em relacao ao cationte). Como fases moveis foram utilizadas sete misturas solventes diferentes. Os cromatogramas foram revelados com solucoes reveladoras de alizarina, ditizona, nitrato de prata, fluoresceina e tambem vapores de hidroxido de amoneo. De acordo com a metodologia empregada foi possives constatar variacoes qualitativas em cinco das onze tinturas-mae estudadas. 1) foram detectadas variacoes qualitativas de cationtes em tinturas-mae elaboradas com as mesmas especies vegetais, 2) tais variacoes podem estar ligadas a: diferente local de coleta do vegetal, diferente epoca de coleta, diferente(s) parte(s) empregada(s), variacao do metodo de preparacao (maceracao ou percolacao) e variacao do teor alcoolico do solvente empregado na preparacao, 3) as diferencas observadas demonstram a falta de padronizacao no preparo de tinturas-mae, 4) variacoes na composicao de uma dada droga podem originar medicamentos tambem com atividade variavel com significativa importancia no resultado terapeutico esperado

Estudo dos medicamentos do grupo XI de Boyd / Study of the Boyd's group XI drugs

Busca-se determinar cromatograficamente a composicao cationica do Grupo XI dos medicamentos homeopaticos de BOYD. Empregou-se cromatografia em camada delgada de celulose microcristalina, tendo sido analisadas quinze tinturas-mae de diferentes origens, utilizando cinco misturas solventes e cinco solucoes reveladoras diferentes e padroes de cationtes (sais inorganicos soluveis em agua). Atraves de tal metodologia, ja utilizada pelos autores em trabalhos anteriores (2,3), foi possivel detectar a presenca de Na+ e K+ em cinco amostras, Fe+3 em nove, Ca+2 em treze e Mg+2 em catorze das tinturas-mae analisadas. Os resultados obtidos, de acordo com a sensibilidade do metodo, justificam, em parte, o agrupamento proposto por BOYD, considerando-se apenas a composicao quimica no tocante a presenca de cationtes

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes"Grupos Boyd": analise cromatografica do grupo 10 / Chemical study of the different Boyd's Groups of homeopathic remedies: chromatographical analysis of the group 10

Neste trabalho, os autores, dando prosseguimento ao estudo dos chamados Grupos Boyd, analisaram cromatograficamente o Grupo X empregando para tal fim cromatografia ascendente em placas de celulose microcristalina. Foram detectados os seguintes cationtes: Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ e K+

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes"Grupos Boyd": analise cromatografica do grupo 10 / Chemical study of the different Boyd's Groups of homeopathic remedies: chromatographical analysis of the group 10

Neste trabalho, os autores, dando prosseguimento ao estudo dos chamados Grupos Boyd, analisaram cromatograficamente o Grupo X empregando para tal fim cromatografia ascendente em placas de celulose microcristalina. Foram detectados os seguintes cationtes: Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ e K+

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes "Grupos Boyd": analise cromatografica do grupo 8 / Chemical study of the different Boyd's Group of homeopathic remedies: chromatographic analysis of the group 8

Em sequencia ao estudo quimico dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes grupos Boyd, foram analisadas quarenta tinturas-mae pertencentes ao referido grupo. Foi empregada cromatografia ascendente em camada delgada de celulose microcristalina. Foi detectada a presenca e foram identificados ions Ca+2, Mg+2 em 36 tinturas-mae, Na+ em vinte e duas e K+ em apenas tres das tinturas-mae analisadas

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes "Grupos Boyd": analise cromatografica do grupo 8 / Chemical study of the different Boyd's Group of homeopathic remedies: chromatographic analysis of the group 8

Em sequencia ao estudo quimico dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes grupos Boyd, foram analisadas quarenta tinturas-mae pertencentes ao referido grupo. Foi empregada cromatografia ascendente em camada delgada de celulose microcristalina. Foi detectada a presenca e foram identificados ions Ca+2, Mg+2 em 36 tinturas-mae, Na+ em vinte e duas e K+ em apenas tres das tinturas-mae analisadas

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes "Grupos Boyd": analise cromatografica do grupo VI / Chemical investigation of homeopathic medicines pertainig to differents \"Boyd's Groups\": chromatographical analyse of group VI

Dando prosseguimento ao estudo dos chamados grupos Boyd, os autores analisaram o grupo VI por meio de cromatografia ascendente em placas de celulose microcristalina. Detectaram a presenca dos seguintes ions: Mg+2 em vinte e cinco (25) tinturas analisadas, Ca+2 em dez (10), Ba+2 em tres (03) e Zn+2 em uma (01)

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes "Grupos Boyd": analise cromatografica do grupo VI / Chemical investigation of homeopathic medicines pertainig to differents "Boyd's Groups": chromatographical analyse of group VI

Dando prosseguimento ao estudo dos chamados grupos Boyd, os autores analisaram o grupo VI por meio de cromatografia ascendente em placas de celulose microcristalina. Detectaram a presenca dos seguintes ions: Mg+2 em vinte e cinco (25) tinturas analisadas, Ca+2 em dez (10), Ba+2 em tres (03) e Zn+2 em uma (01)

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes "Grupos Boyd". 3. Pesquisa de cationtes nos medicamentos do Grupo V de Boyd / Chemical investigation of homeopathic drugs belonging to differents Boyd Groups. 3. Cations research in Group V Boyd drugs

O V Grupo de Boyd foi estudado quimicamente por meio de cromatografia em camada delgada. Foram detectados os ions Ca+2 e Mg+2

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes "Grupos Boyd". 3. Pesquisa de cationtes nos medicamentos do Grupo IV de Boyd / Chemical investigation of homeopathic drugs belonging to differents Boyd Groups. 3. Cations research of Group IV Boyd drugs

Foram analisadas 23 (vinte e tres) tinturas-mae do grupo IV de Boyd por meio de cromatografia em camada delgada de celulose microcristalina. Em todas as tinturas foram detectados apenas os ions Ca+2 e Mg+2

Investigacao quimica dos medicamentos homeopaticos pertencentes aos diferentes "Grupos Boyd". 3. Pesquisa de cationtes nos medicamentos do Grupo V de Boyd / Chemical investigation of homeopathic drugs belonging to differents Boyd Groups. 3. Cations research in Group V Boyd drugs

O V Grupo de Boyd foi estudado quimicamente por meio de cromatografia em camada delgada. Foram detectados os ions Ca+2 e Mg+2